I took the Nature country index (number of papers a country has in Nature, considering the relative fraction of co-authorships), divided it by the country population (source: DBpedia). Here are the results.
Not surprisingly, the Vatican city towers the list (quantic issues!).
Not surprisingly, the Vatican city towers the list (quantic issues!).
Vatican City State (Holy See) 226.4600715
Switzerland 150.4753293
Singapore 95.84437903
United States of America (USA) 60.04527226
Israel 59.96219648
Denmark 55.21814083
Sweden 54.02169996
United Kingdom (UK) 52.13362303
Germany 51.08422995
Iceland 47.04878569
Canada 44.29182447
Netherlands 44.07014634
Australia 41.65815099
Austria 37.47406837
Finland 35.40119373
France 34.19050213
Belgium 29.2549024
Norway 27.59456603
Ireland 27.38415481
Japan 27.1078848
Spain 24.96486608
South Korea 23.38491695
New Zealand 22.59980241
Taiwan 22.50874958
Slovenia 20.22944462
Italy 17.38870468
Estonia 14.67527069
Luxembourg 14.51700928
Cyprus 14.00932401
Portugal 12.12659146
Czech Republic 11.29390967
Greece 9.241680918
Hungary 7.883389007
Poland 6.062448047
Bermuda 5.759920295
Croatia 5.419961486
Chile 5.191072433
Greenland 4.6185274
Lithuania 4.464849982
China 4.253672762
Malta 3.413010299
Barbados 3.228070175
Armenia 3.226127982
Monaco 2.97699594
Russia 2.615483509
Qatar 2.350552673
Argentina 2.323673819
Serbia 2.317134242
Saudi Arabia 2.249241356
Liechtenstein 2.154475924
Uruguay 2.091540746
Panama 1.868951491
Slovakia 1.853784074
Tonga 1.646457211
Latvia 1.536298825
South Africa 1.534017259
Seychelles 1.334089317
Brazil 1.164166491
Lebanon 1.079434698
Turkey 0.975376072
United Arab Emirates 0.970781283
Bulgaria 0.923309168
Kuwait 0.908692887
Romania 0.904092848
Ukraine 0.881236745
Iran 0.85279365
Georgia 0.82618862
Moldova 0.789858331
Bhutan 0.742193713
Belarus 0.740889278
India 0.737977439
Mexico 0.671103922
Cape Verde 0.636491811
Costa Rica 0.604688821
Malaysia 0.55035918
Mongolia 0.499098775
Macedonia 0.411469046
Thailand 0.387230041
Montenegro 0.387078669
Brunei 0.381318447
Fiji 0.33753192
Oman 0.303561833
Namibia 0.293410983
Trinidad and Tobago 0.286140484
Cuba 0.274753115
Tunisia 0.25039257
Mauritius 0.237867188
Colombia 0.214252601
Ecuador 0.213486826
Peru 0.185304328
Egypt 0.169769401
Gabon 0.169491525
Botswana 0.167909195
Papua New Guinea 0.167601541
Gambia 0.164679009
Jordan 0.151616593
Algeria 0.121963824
Palestine 0.116474096
Kazakhstan 0.112367968
Kenya 0.110526316
Vietnam 0.102330984
Jamaica 0.095658889
Azerbaijan 0.09526302
Morocco 0.086393734
Pakistan 0.084978915
Cambodia 0.082981452
Venezuela 0.073825642
Bolivia 0.072801587
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.065934843
Kyrgyzstan 0.057127326
Senegal 0.052558663
Sri Lanka 0.050301818
Nepal 0.04449098
Cameroon 0.041693647
Libya 0.041580042
Uganda 0.035860995
Tanzania 0.035848502
Madagascar 0.034795082
Burkina Faso 0.034636441
Iraq 0.033329119
Uzbekistan 0.029843111
Niger 0.029173729
Benin 0.029034644
Philippines 0.0241483
Bahrain 0.022787695
Indonesia 0.020105899
Ghana 0.015900548
Syria 0.013947574
Dominican Republic 0.012526176
Bangladesh 0.012324738
Mali 0.012049721
Ethiopia 0.011483407
Malawi 0.010123226
Nigeria 0.00823451
Congo 0.007305294
Ivory Coast 0.00545737
Mozambique 0.004392634
Tajikistan 0.00367602
Guatemala 0.003163221
Sudan 0.002413554